Reactions to latex are caused by

• A. type I hypersensitivity.
• B. type IV hypersensitivity.
• C. skin irritation.
• D. all of the above.

Answer: (D)

Latex can provoke several different kinds of reactions, and each mechanism reflects a different way the body responds to latex exposure. Some individuals develop an immediate IgE-mediated allergy to latex proteins, a Type I hypersensitivity, which can cause hives, swelling, wheezing, or even anaphylaxis shortly after contact or inhalation. Others experience a delayed, T-cell–mediated reaction known as Type IV hypersensitivity, presenting as an itchy, red, swollen rash at the site of contact hours to days later. In addition, latex can irritate the skin directly without an immune response, leading to irritant contact dermatitis with dryness, redness, and cracking. Because latex exposure can trigger any of these processes, all of the above are possible reactions.